Friday, 28 April 2017

Food Waste and Agribusiness in Ghana


To commemorate World Intellectual Property Day, I was hosted to address issues on Food Waste and Agribusiness in Ghana hosted by Naa Oyoo Quartey of See My Chow. This post is just a summary of the interactions that ensued on Wednesday 26th May, 2017.




Naa Oyoo (NO) : Hey tell us what you do etc. talk about your company Green Coast food


Akwasi Tagoe (AT): I’m Akwasi, Agricultural Services Manager for GreenCoastFoods (GCF) Ghana. GCF is into agribusiness consultancy for start-ups, we’ve had farms in the past and run the first e-commerce grocery delivery service in Accra (Fresh233). What made the service unique besides the convenience we offered our clients was the additional technical support we offered to farmers from whom we sourced our produce. Currently we are scaling to farms in the urban and peri-urban areas.




NO:  What exactly is food waste and why should we care?

AT: Food loss is an umbrella term used to describe all of the postharvest food that never gets consumed. Some of the loss is unavoidable due to spoilage or processing losses that occur before the food reaches the market.
Food waste is a component of food loss. Where edible food that is lost discarded by growers, retailers and consumers that is avoidable. We should care because of the environmental consequences - food thrown at landfills - producing methane gas which is more dangerous than CO2 and causing climate change

In 2050 it’s estimated that over 9 Billion people will be on the planet with Ghana’s population estimates 50 Million. So in effect we have to produce more to feed a growing population, mind you the size of arable land in Ghana will not increase and it’s likely to decrease as a result of other economic competition for land (real estate, urbanisation, galamsey) so we should care. Researchers are looking for ways to produce enough food to feed the growing population but there is the need for a culture that reduces food waste.


           Food waste has a triple negative effect:
           It impacts on food security 

           Resources used in food production and distribution are wasted 

           Environmental impacts throughout the supply chain 


We should care because of economic, environment and social consequences.
1.         We lose money
2.         Food waste that end up in landfills produce large amounts of metal gas which contributes to the to green house gas emissions caused by this human activity
3.         In perspective food waste = waste of water, energy (human + sunlight), waste of money, waste of land 

NO:  How are supermarkets contributing to food waste in Ghana

AT: supermarkets reject food produce on basis of its aesthetic concern i.e not the right shape, shape or colour. ‘Imperfect’ veggies and fruits due to shop requirements for packaging and display. doesn’t mean the food is not good to eat
confusion of labels on produce (sell by and best by dates) are suggestions for peak quality. Displaying very large colourful quantities of food for its attractiveness and perceived increase in sales also lead to food waste.


NO: In what ways are we as consumers contributing to the increase in food waste?


AT: BUYING MORE THAN WE NEED! Its like air-conditioning empty buildings or leaving your iron on all day (energy waste)

NO: How can we as individuals reduce food waste in our homes & offices to reduce the amount of gas in the climate?

AT: Increasing awareness of the problem and how to solve it is important, like we’re doing now
1.         be innovative at home. don’t throw last weeks stew away, remix it into jollof.
2.         plan out weekly meals and shop for groceries based on household size and feeding needs. Don’t buy large quantities of fresh food and consume them first
3.         make a list, buy only what you need. don’t say because its cheap you’re buying excess.
4.         freeze your leftovers
5.         pack lunch to work. don’t let that kanzo go to waste
6.         store food at the right places
7.         start backyard gardens and compost food to be applied Composting (Lettuce, cabbage) converts food waste into an asset for food production, whether in your own backyard —if you can’t eat it yourself, let the worms enjoy it.
8.         for fruits bag and freeze to make a smoothies, juices and jam
9.         make kaklo with that soft overripe  plantain

10.     Clean out your fridge often and note food you rarely use



NO:  What measures can be put in place for farmers in Ghana for the reduction of food waste?

AT: solutions shouldn’t be complicated, I’m pretty sure we’ve heard this before from our junior high Agriculture class
1.         Planning crops to be planted based on demand or season
2.         Techniques and equipment for harvesting based on farmers indigenous knowledge innovative ways (storage) improved storage bags
2.         Helping farmers to form cooperatives or farmer based organizations, this increases their understanding of the market, ensures efficient planning and ability to market what they produce together as a group

3.building infrastructure, road networks fixed and processing plants
4. Available market at a good price (commodities market)

During my time in Bechem I learnt of a farmer who committed suicide because the price middlemen offered for his tomatoes was way below his cost of production. He had gone for a loan to farm and there was no way he was going to cover the cost so, sad solution but its real out there.

1.         The UK has a programme where they set up kitchens next to farmers markets to process unsold fruits into gourmet chutney (jam) this can be adopted in Ghana and will provide employment for people involved besides the farmer. Just think of the resources that would be saved if food wasn’t wasted


In summary developing better food harvest, storage, processing, transport and retailing processes. Match demand and supply. Farmers finding a market for their produce and not leaving them to rot. Individuals cooking adequately for the family size, supermarkets not reducing product orders last minute to leave producers with extra products.




NO: As an expert in the agri-business, what opportunities are available for today’s youth in Ghana?

AT: Agriculture or food production is a large industry that employs over 60% of the work force. Often said to be the backbone of Ghana. Due to its nature there are various opportunities along the value chain from service provision to production itself.
Agribusiness includes farming and contract farming, distribution, farm machinery, processing, seed supply, marketing and retail sales. To engage youth, ‪agriculture has to be remunerative.
1.         not everyone should be engaged in production. We have a lot of small holder farmers
2.         Provision of tractor services for ploughing, weeding etc
3.         Processing
4.         marketing and sales
5.         Logistics such as provision of transport services for haulage of produce
6.         Consultancy


You don’t have to be an expert in agriculture or food production to benefit from some of these opportunities

NO: What challenges will one face in trying to break into the agri-business industry
AT: Capital: Cost of set up
2.         Human resource: challenge is human resource, relying on third parties to get things done on time. Employees don’t understand the business bit of farming and take you for granted.
3.         Lack of Knowledge of production or business
4.         Land Tenure in Ghana
5.         Time for break even or even profitability

6.         Education and training for new entrants - improved methods of farming


 

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